Thought for the Day

Thought for the Day

To accept good advice is but to increase one's own ability.

Thought for the Day

Thought for the Day

If one has no affection for a person or a system, one should feel free to give the fullest expression to his disaffection so long as he does not contemplate, promote, or incite violence.

Thought for the Day

Thought for the Day

It is unwise to be too sure of one's own wisdom. It is healthy to be reminded that the strongest might weaken and the wisest might err.

Thought for the Day

Thought for the Day

"Victory attained by violence is tantamount to a defeat, for it is momentary"

                                                                                        Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi

Thought for the Day

Thought for the Day

"Success is achieved and maintained by those who try, and keep trying,

for there is nothing to lose by trying and a great deal to gain if

successful. 

Thought for the Day

Thought for the Day

The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.

Thought for the Day

Thought for the Day

"Opportunities Are Like Sunrises, If You Wait Too Long You Can Miss Them".

Thought for the Day

Thought for the Day

Confidence imparts a wonderful inspiration to its possessor.

Thought for the day

Thought for the day

Nobody has the power to make things perfect

but everyone is given chances to make things right.

Thought for the Day

Thought for the Day

Success is the good fortune that comes from aspiration, desperation, perspiration and inspiration. 

Thought for the Day

Thought for the Day

"The reward of a thing well done,
is to have done it."

A HAPPY DAY

A HAPPY DAY

Today is a very happy day for me as I visited my old school and met 

my

 teachers and friends.

My Favorite Poem

Road Not Taken

 

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood 
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that, the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
two roads diverged in a wood, and I
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.

storage class in c

storage class contains five types of storage class in c .

I. Extern

II. Static

III. Register

IV. Auto

V. typedef

Finding a suitable solution

Senthil and Avinash, Spastics Society of Karnataka.

 

Avinash was a student with Spastics Society of Karnataka and currently a student with Christ University. He has multiple disabilities and suffers from Cerebral Palsy. Senthil is a Software Developer working in Bangalore. He knows Avinash from the time he was in Spastics Society of Karnataka and has been working him in identifying a suitable technology for overcome his challenges in communication.

Avinash and I started looking out for a suitable Assistive Technology for a long time and we have discovered a number of things with our trial and error methods. It was quite clear to me that Assistive Technologies will be useful for people like Avinash. 

Just after meeting Avinash, I realized, a software called Dasher could be useful to him. So, I went to his house and I remember we started with Dasher. We did not know how to use it. We read and studied the documentation and it was of no avail. I also realized the limitations of Avinash then. I saw that he was able to move only his thumb and the index finger and he had a lot of involuntary movements.  We tried different kinds of mouse which he can hold on with his two fingers and my search for an Assistive technology device started along the lines of finding a suitable mouse device for Avinash. It was four years ago, that we also tried Voice Recognition to see if it would be helpful. Very few people were using Voice Recognition then and I had heard that it requires considerable training to use the Voice Recognition. So we started with the Voice Recognition training and we soon realized that the software was demanding a certain accent and it was not able to recognize Avinash's style of speaking. It led us to give up the thought on Voice Recognition itself.

Our First Accessibility Device.

Avinash is an avid reader. I was surprised by the way he used to read his books. He used to lie down on his side on bed and his mother used to flip pages for him. Reducing his dependency on his Mother to flip pages for him might be the first step forward. We knew that Adobe Acrobat reader had the auto-scroll option that would help in reading the book.

In his personal laptop with books loaded as PDF documents in the auto-scroll mode, the book will automatically scroll at regular pace set by us, Avinash would be able to read the entire book without his mom's help. Viola! This was our first accessibility device.

 

With this feature, he read 5 books completely. He read, "Alice in Wonderland", a set of 14 short-stories of Sherlock Holmes and H.G.Well's "First men on Moon".

 

The Adobe Acrobat software also has a reader option where the software can read the words aloud. However, it was not desirable as it was very mechanical and it was not enjoyable for Avinash.

 

With the auto-scrolling feature, there still was a problem. It was not possible for Avinash to take a break while reading as it would require manual intervention to stop the computer from scrolling. So, Avinash had to be constantly on his toes, so as to figuratively speak, to keep pace with the automatic scrolling of the book.

 

We definitely needed a better solution with more control.

Second Accessibility Device - Mobile phone.

One of the mobile phones in the market had a stick like pointer in the middle and it was very suitable for Avinash. If someone placed that mobile in his hands, he was able to control it with the stick interface. So, we got the idea of connecting the mobile via blue-tooth to the laptop cursor, so that the scrolling of the book can be controlled. But the mobile which we got was slippery and also it required its cover to be removed in order to expose the middle stick interface properly. Buying a new mobile and tearing it down just to use the pointer was not effective. We did try with controlling the cursor, but it was simply inefficient given the limited control which Avinash could exercise on his mobile phone.

Third Accessibility Device - A very small infra-red mouse.

Given that mobile phone was not suitable, I started looking out for a small mouse which could fit into Avinash's palm. I got a Infra-red wireless mouse from Staples store at Marathali, Bangalore. This was incidentally the first purchase, specifically made for 'trying things out'.

We tried if we could control our original solution of Dasher with this small-mouse in the way such that it could be used like a click device. We studied Dasher again and saw that the whole operation can be controlled using a single switch, but we did not find a way to interface that single switch to our mouse. So, I wrote to the dasher mailing list to seek help from experts. Dr. Julius who is an expert in assistive technology suggested that we try out camera mouse, which can recognize Avinash's face and thus he should be able to to control the mouse movements with his head. This was an innovative suggestion, which we had not tried in our earlier attempts.

Fourth Accessibility Device - A camera mouse.

The camera mouse solution was an interesting one. We setup the camera mouse that it could recognize some fixed point in Avinash's face and as he moved his head the position of the mouse pointer could be controlled.

And to our surprise, we found that "It worked!" We practised a lot with the camera mouse solution, working in tandem with Dasher. These were the first few words written by Avinash using the Camera Mouse on Dasher.

"Education is the only possible way to enlighten the people's mind to make this world a beaieul place to live in. "

It is a from Dr. Kalam's book, "Inspiring thoughts". Avinash was able to write this down with great difficulty. There is a mistake in the sentence, and I left it consciously, because it was okay to accept mistakes in our first trials.

 

The camera mouse was not the solution yet. Due to involuntary movements, the mouse pointer deviated frequently from the intended position. Julius suggested to us that by gently nudging it back to the specific point this could be controlled and he advised us to practise more. However, someone had to assist Avinash in adjusting the camera-mouse settings properly and then load the required software. Avinash could exhibit only a certain level of control from this point onwards. It was a good improvement from where we started with, but it still lacked something which we desired, namely the ease of use.

Fifth Accessibility Technology - Voice Recognition.

Meanwhile in the Dasher mailing list, someone had mentioned that he was using Voice Recognition in composing the mail and he uses Voice Recognition and Dasher simultaneously. I approached him and he suggested that Voice Recognition technology has improved a lot in the recent years and suggested that we try with the latest version of Microsoft Speech software.

This required us to upgrade the speech recognition software in the operating system. Once we did it, we tried the Voice Recognition training program again. To our surprise, it worked very well for Avinash's voice and his accent was not a problem like before. We were just enthralled. We quickly finished the training and saw if we can use the voice recognition to control the computer by voice. However, to our disappointment, it did not recognise the correct words when Avinash was using the software. It was due to the way the software is designed. It had a huge sample space to search for and it did not identify what Avinash was trying to say.

Then I set about to find a software which provides a limited voice recognition capability, something like it could do only 10 tasks for the commands we give. Given the limited and well defined set of tasks, the software may work without any problems for Avinash.

Sixth Accessibility Technology - e-Speaking Voice Recognition software.

Now, we did find a software that was meeting our exact needs. It was e-Speaking Voice Recognition software. It used the System's voice recognition engine and provided a limited set of commands to control the computer. It was readily available for a nominal price. We got it and found that it was exactly what we wanted at the moment.

Thus, Avinash could use the software effectively using speech. He could control the scrolling of the adobe acrobat reader to read books, browse the folder to go and get a new book, Connect to Internet and read news etc. This was wonderful, it enhanced his ability to work independently on his computer. With more practise he was only getting better and this proved to be a convenient solution for Avinash. Just switch-on the computer with with these software in the auto-start mode, if the microphone is attached to the computer, then he could control it from that point onwards. No manual intervention further required.

Seventh Accessibility Technology - Writing via Dasher using Speech.

A complete solution required combining the above individual elements. Avinash had tried and succeeded using Dasher via head-mouse and then he could now control his computer using e-Speaking voice recognition software. How about the idea of combining both? Namely controlling the cursor of computer via speech. We tried and it worked again. It was immensely helpful and satisfying. Avinash was able to write on his computer using Dasher! This required more practise in understanding the way Dasher works. Over time, he gained the ability to control his computer and dasher together to write sentences effectively.

Avinash still uses on-screen keyboard to click on letters and composing words. He takes a long time to compose in this way. However, I believe with his speed can be increased significantly using Dasher, which would be as close to the average speed of one among us.

Finally something useful

This was a very good result. We both overjoyed with the outcome. Avinash's mom was free from the task of flipping the pages for him. Avinash was able to immerse himself in some creative pursuit for hours together on computer and Internet and thus be engaged with some activity or the other. Both Avinash's father and his brother, Sanjeev are both happy with this new found capability and the way he keeps himself engaged in his studies.

It was very nice to find a solution which was useful and effective.

I hope this article provided a glimpse into the process of finding an effective solution for Avinash.  He uses Dasher effectively for a variety of purposes, even for taking tests in college now.

This  was written  by senthil  for the book released on the beginning of Assistive Technology Conference.

i thank Senthil for all that he has done for me.

Assistive technology

Assistive technology can be a boon only if used properly.

International Conference on Assistive Technology

Spastics Society of Karnataka is Organizing an International Conference on Assistive Technology.

Please visit this website http://conference.spasticssocietyofkarnataka.org to know more details.

I am presenting at the conference too. 

Hi

HELLO WORLD
--
~~~~Avinash~~~~